Title: Characterization and Utilization of Preferred Interests: A Survey of Adults on the Autism Spectrum
Authors: Kristie Patten Koenig & Lauren Hough Williams
Journal: Occupational Therapy in Mental Health
Year: 2017
The article discusses the concept of "preferred interests" in individuals on the autism spectrum, also known in the literature as special interests. These interests are highly prevalent in this population, but there has been debate among professionals about their impact due to the historically deficits-based view. Some view preferred interests as potentially beneficial for social and employment opportunities, while others see them as a negative factor, potentially affecting social communication and engagement. The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual V characterizes these interests as "highly restricted, fixated interests that are abnormal in intensity or focus."
In the past, these interests have been labeled as "restricted interests," "perseverative interests," or "circumscribed interests," suggesting a negative view of them. However, there is a paradigm shift happening in the autism field, with a growing recognition of the positive aspects of preferred interests. Self-advocates and some researchers have advocated for using strength-based language to describe these interests and have found that incorporating them can lead to positive outcomes.
The study surveyed adults with ASD to understand how they view their preferred interests and how these views are influenced by various demographic variables. The results show that most participants view their preferred interests as strengths and something that should be encouraged. They report that these interests have a positive and calming effect, reducing anxiety. This is especially notable because of the high rates of anxiety in adults with ASD. Participants also express a desire for more encouragement of their interests by teachers and parents.
The findings suggest that many adults with ASD have changing preferred interests over their lifespan but continue to engage in them. The study highlights the potential for employment opportunities that leverage individuals' preferred interests and improve their overall well-being.
The authors emphasized the importance of a paradigm shift away from a deficit-focused view of preferred interests and toward recognizing their strengths in occupational therapy and education.
Although at this point, we should be referring to their "preferred" or "special" interests as simply, their interests.
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